Use of PD-1 blockade in refractory/relapsed natural killer T-cell lymphomas: a systematic review and synthesis of case reports.

Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NK/T-cellL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with limited treatment options for patients who experience disease progression or recurrence after second-line treatment. The use of new therapies, such as pembrolizumab, which involves immune checkpoint blockade mechanisms, is proposed. This systematic review followed the MOSE guidelines and searched PUBMED/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus databases. Fourteen articles were found, reporting on the use of pembrolizumab anti PD-1 in NK/T-cellL patients. The objective response rate was 84.50%, with disease-free survival ranging from two to 48 months. The complete response rate was 61.6%, and the quality of the reported studies was evaluated to be of high and moderate confidence bias levels in case reports and high bias in clinical trials. Pembrolizumab and others anti PD-1 are treatment options for refractory/recurrent NK/T-cellL, regardless of PD-L1 expression, with good short- and long-term results and low adverse events.

Effectiveness and safety of the bevacizumab and erlotinib combination versus erlotinib alone in EGFR mutant metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The EGFR gene encodes a protein that stimulates molecular pathways that allow the growth and development of the tumor microenvironment. The current preferred tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for the first-line treatment of EGFRm metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is osimertinib. However, the combination of angiogenesis inhibitors and TKI has produced discordant results. We aimed to assess the effects of the bevacizumab and erlotinib combination in EGFRm metastatic NSCLC. Methods: Using eligibility criteria focused on patients with EGFRm metastatic NSCLC treated with bevacizumab and erlotinib, we searched databases including clinical trial randomized studies and reviews published until April 15, 2023 in Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Embase. Eight clinical trials (1,052 patients) were selected from 1,343 articles for quantitative and qualitative assessment. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Data were synthesized through random-effects meta-analysis. Results: The bevacizumab and erlotinib combination significantly improved the progression-free survival (PFS) (log(HR) = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.54-0.73, p < 0.001) and overall response ratio (ORR) (RR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64-0.97, p = 0.03). However, it did not improve the overall survival (log(HR) = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.78-1.10, p = 0.38) and was associated with higher serious adverse events (SAEs) (OR = 3.48; 95% CI, 1.76-6.88, p = 0.005). A subgroup analysis suggested similar benefits in different mutation subtypes and brain metastasis condition. The evidence is limited by a moderate risk of bias across studies and heterogeneity in the reporting of SAEs. Conclusions: The bevacizumab and erlotinib combination significantly improved PFS and ORR in EGFRm metastatic NSCLC but were also associated with higher-grade (≥3) adverse events. These results suggest that while the combination therapy may enhance progression-free survival and overall response, it does not improve the overall survival and is associated with higher toxicity. Thus, the treatment should be personalized based on individual patient comorbidities. Further prospective trials are needed to validate these results. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#searchadvanced, identifier CDR 42022364692.

Neumonía atípica vs COVID-19 en tratamiento de linfoma de Hodgkin / Atypical pneumonia vs COVID-19 in treating Hodgkin's lymphoma

Introducción: En tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19 toda sintomatología respiratoria o síndrome febril lleva a descartar dicha infección, pero hay que tener en cuenta, sobre todo en pacientes onco-hematológicos, como diagnóstico diferencial la neumonía atípica por Pneumocystis Jirovecii (PCP). Objetivo: Describir el caso de neumonía atípica vs COVID-19 en un paciente con linfoma de Hodgkin. Caso clínico: Paciente mujer de 30 años con diagnóstico de linfoma de Hodgkin tipo clásico estadio clínico III (ECIII), que inicia tratamiento sistémico con quimioterapia esquema R-ABVD (plan de 6 cursos con partes A y B). Recibe 3 cursos R-ABVD con respuesta completa según tomografía. Al programar 4to curso parte B presenta persistencia febril hasta 39,8°C asociado a diaforesis nocturna, que se agudiza en la última semana, por lo que se decide hospitalizarla. Se realiza tomografía contrastada (TEM c/c) de tórax: opacidades en patrón de vidrio deslustrado intercalados con lesiones fibrosas en ambos pulmones, no adenopatías; deshidrogenasa láctica (DHL): 656 UI/L. Sin clínica respiratoria, ni examen físico respiratorio alterado. A descartar PCP vs neumonía COVID-19. Sin leucocitosis, reacción en cadena de polimerasa (PCR) COVID-19 negativa. Se define como neumonía no asociada a coronavirus, por lo que recibe 12 días de antibiótico con Sulfametoxazol + Trimetoprim. A la evolución clínica: mejoría de malestar general y afebril. Finaliza 6 cursos de R-ABVD, con respuesta completa en reevaluación tomográfica, asintomática y presentando prueba rápida para COVID-19 no reactiva. Conclusiones: En el contexto de pandemia por COVID-19 el diagnóstico diferencial debe ser oportuno(AU)

Introduction: In times of COVID-19 pandemic, all respiratory symptoms or febrile syndrome leads to ruling out said infection, but atypical Pneumocystis Jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) must be taken into account, especially in onco-hematological patients, as differential diagnosis. Objective: To describe the case of atypical pneumonia vs. COVID-19 in a patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Clinical case report: The case of a 30-year-old female patient with diagnosis of clinical stage III Hodgkin lymphoma (IBD) is reported. She began systemic treatment with R-ABVD chemotherapy scheme (6-course plan with parts A and B). She received 3 R-ABVD courses with complete response according to tomography. When scheduling 4th course, part B, she had feverish persistence up to 39.8 ° C associated with nocturnal diaphoresis, worsening in the last week, so hospitalization was decided. A contrast tomography (TEM c / c) of the thorax was performed: ground-glass opacities interspersed with fibrous lesions in both lungs, no adenopathy; lactic dehydrogenase (DHL): 656 IU / L. No respiratory symptoms, or altered respiratory physical examination, to rule out PCP vs. COVID-19 pneumonia. No leukocytosis, negative COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It is defined as non-coronavirus associated pneumonia, so she received 2 days of Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim antibiotics. On the clinical course, she exhibited improvement of general malaise and she was afebrile. She completed 6 courses of R-ABVD, with complete response in tomographic re-evaluation, she was asymptomatic and had non-reactive rapid test for COVID-19. Conclusions: In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, the differential diagnosis must be timely(AU)